Inscription / Copper
The earliest inscriptions found in this temple belong to the 13th century CE. From the period of the later Pandya king Jatavarman Kulasekara Pandiyan (1190–1216 CE) up to the British period, 64 inscriptions have been recorded here by the Central Archaeological Department. The numbers according to period are:
Later Pandya period – 44 inscriptions
Vijayanagara–Madurai Nayak period – 19 inscriptions
British period – 1 inscription
Total – 64 inscriptions
Among the later Pandya kings, inscriptions of the following rulers are found in this temple: Jatavarman Kulasekara Pandiyan I (1194 CE), Maravarman Sundara Pandiyan I (1216–1244 CE), Maravarman Sundara Pandiyan II (1238–1255 CE), Maravarman Vikrama Pandiyan II (1250–1276 CE), Kulasekara Pandiyan (1268–1318 CE), Sadaiyavarman Veerapandiyan III (1316–1334 CE), and Parakrama Pandiyan. Among these, the largest number of inscriptions belong to the reign of Maravarman Sundara Pandiyan II. This shows that during his reign, many renovation works were carried out and the temple developed greatly.
Among the Vijayanagara kings, inscriptions of Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529 CE), Achyutadevaraya (1529–1542 CE), and Sadasivaraya (1542–1570 CE) are found here. Among the Madurai Nayaka rulers, inscriptions of Veerappa Nayaka (1572–1595 CE), Kumarakrishnappa Nayaka (1595–1601 CE), Muthu Veerappa Nayaka (1609–1623 CE), Thirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659 CE), and Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1706–1732 CE) are found. One inscription from the British period, written in 1842 CE, referring to Pachaiyappa Mudaliyar, is also found here.
The inscriptions mention various donations of land and other endowments given to the temple. These donations were provided for the expenses of daily worship, monthly worship, annual festivals, and temple ceremonies. Donations were given for lighting lamps day and night to keep the temple premises well lit. One inscription states that for placing and lighting of two permanent lamps at the entrance of the sanctum of Thiru Aalavaayudaiyaar, an officer named “Agapparivaa Mudali,” serving under Jatavarman Kulasekara Pandiyan, donated twenty gold coins.
During special poojas in the temple, a singer named Sendaaduvaanaana Utthamapandiya Pichchan was given salary to sing the sacred hymns (Thevaram) before the chief deity. On the day of Margazhi festival, arrangements were made to provide food to the 'Paradesi Kovanavars,' who sang the Thiruvempavai hymns. It is notable that when Thiru Aalavaayudaiyaar comes on procession and stands at the southern gate called “Vaanathirayan Thiruvaasal” in the Thirukkamakottam (Meenakshi Amman shrine), arrangements were made for singing the musical mode “Satharippan,” so that the god could listen. Satharippan is the musical mode sung by god Shiva when he came to Madurai as a woodcutter to aid Panapathiran and to destroy the arrogance of Samanāthan.
During the reign of Maravarman Sundara Pandiyan II, a special Sandhi worship was arranged in the name of king Veerasomeeswaran, belonging to the royal Hoysala lineage of Karnataka, on his birth star Magam in the month of Aippasi. Inscriptions also mention that certain lands in Kulasekara Mangalam were given tax-free for purchasing fragrant materials for the worship of Thiru Aalavayudaiyar. Similarly, lands were donated for bringing the sandalwoodpaste to the temple and for daily expenses of the temple kitchen.
The later Pandya inscriptions state that workers who served in the temple were given lands as grants, two gold coins were given to those who worked in the temple maintenance, and lands were given for creating flower gardens to supply flowers for worship.
The eastern Rajagopuram of the temple was built in the 13th century CE and was renovated during the reign of Jatavarman Sundara Pandiyan IV (1303–1325 CE). Inscriptions on the inner wall of the gopuram record this with the names “Avanivendaraman Thirukkopuram” and “Sundarapandiyan Thirukkopuram.” The poetic inscriptional verses praising Parakrama Pandiyan found on the inner wall of the western Rajagopuram indicate that it was constructed by him during his reign (1315–1334 CE).
The later Pandya inscriptions also reveal that many Shaivite monasteries existed around the Madurai temple and that some new ones were established. Donations were given for creating these monasteries and for providing food there.